Counter Clockwise

Last year Jake was getting ready to head down under as part of the promotion for LaOD.And while on the whirl of media trip he had lunch with U2. New pictures from IHJ show that they were in high spirits. Or is that taking in spirits?
Disaronno? Did they watch too much BravoTV and the constant Disaronno commercials that ran on it?

Now, today it's like a twist of last year.

Jake's not down under but undercover with no one sure where he has been since Thanksgiving. And Austin is said to be seen wearing a hoodie.

Hmmm Does that mean he's listening to U2 and drinking Disarrono?


You run like a river, on like a sea
You run like a river runs to the sea

Inside Nature's Giants - Polar Bear

Continuing with their exploration of the anatomy and physiology of the giants of nature, the team travels to the North Pole in search of a polar bear: the largest land mammalian predator in the world. Because of the difficulties of finding polar bears at all, never mind fresh carcasses, this episode requires the collaboration of a local hunting community whose survival depends on using every last scrap of these animals without wasting anything. And because of the weather conditions, every move is a race against the freezing clock.

Now, the first and most obvious question is just how these bears manage to withstand the intense freezing temperatures of their natural habitat. The answer, it turns out, and this should throw you for a loop, is that a polar bear is a black animal with transparent fur that looks (but isn't) white. Yeah, I was floored too.

But that's not the whole story. We also get to understand, among other things, exactly why there are polar bears to begin with and how they manage to cope with diets that would literally kill us.



Did you see the polar bear attacking that walrus that was probably twice its size?!?

Put a Bird On It

Now that OTH's wrapped Austin will back out to looking for new projects. And now with directing under his belt and a triple threat with:

ActingSinging
And dancing
Look out.

A fan of themes for his projects....(ex.TwoWheel Tuesday, Run Your Ass Off) maybe he should use a theme for pursuing his next job.

One suggestion courtesy of Portlandia:


Then again that might Jake's personal matra both home and away.

Two Wheel Tuesday for a crew.

The Ice Finger of Death

So I never knew this before, but apparently when seawater freezes, it forces salt out, thereby making the water surrounding it more saline. That starts a chain reaction with which you may be more familiar: the saline water has a lower freezing point and higher density, so as this super cold water freezes, it starts to sink away from the surface ice, creating an ice stalactite, otherwise known as a brinicle. But as David Attenborough explains, this is just the beginning:


I love how scientists have managed to figure out exactly why this happens...

Muppet Jake

With The Muppets being such a hit, and the franchise looking renewed maybe Jake should look at moving from Sesame Street to the Muppet Movie.

He's got the experience

Has had the 'do already

He went to high school with the guy who made them a hit againAnd can do his own Muppet face
And ohhh then they're all those fans at home that probably love the Muppets. (Yes that includes you too Austin)

And you can make you own Muppet at FAO Schwartz.

Libertarian Reluctantly Calls Fire Department

On its surface, the political and economic philosophy of libertarianism sounds very promising because it appeals to values we all esteem highly: individual rights, freedom, personal responsibility, merit, etc.

For all its growing popularity, however, libertarianism is deeply flawed. There are many ways to show this. One is through careful and rigorous conceptual analysis carried out by philosophers such as John Rawls.

Another is to let The Onion do the work in less than a minute:


Also, ma' house was burning :)

DBA campaign - gold, food, ships and other stuff

I've been looking at items that we can use for the DBA Ancients campaign next year.  Gold and Food tokens were proving tricky - until I popped into Hobbycraft and saw (in the Candles section, can you believe) small pebbles painted gold (for Gold) and some pink glass chunks (which can represent meat - hence Food).  Each one will represent 5 of each unit (to keep counting to a minimum).

I also bought some cheap black plastic boxes that the players can keep their reserves of gold and food in (and keep secret from other players).

So this left me with one problem - building ships.  I've looked on the internet and can't find anything that is small and cheap enough for the 200+ ships required - so I'm having to build my own.

I've got small coloured lolly sticks from Wilkinson for £1 - and some small square coloured beads for the same amount.  These will be stuck amidships of a cropped lolly stick, with a piece of thin dowel making the mast.  Each Empire will have about 20 ships each (if they can afford them) - in their own nations colour (so we can keep track easier). 

I've now got to work out the economics of the entire region to ensure it is balanced (i.e. there is enough Food and Gold available to fund activities) which means play testing by myself - that will amuse the wife.

Russ said he'll get a large scale map printed if I can create a good enough image.  It needs to be about A2 sized to allow space to play.

After that, we're good to go!

Out Spotlight

In 1992, today’s spotlight became the highest-ranking military officer discharged on the basis of sexual orientation. Dismissed after disclosing she was a lesbian during a routine security clearance interview, she challenged the U.S. military’s ban on homosexuals in federal court. In 1994, she was reinstated as chief nurse, making her one of the few openly gay or lesbian members of the military. Today she continues to serve as speaker, author and an advocate. Today’s Out Spotlight is Colonel Margarethe Cammermeyer.

Margarethe Cammermeyer was born in Oslo, Norway, March 24, 1943, during the Nazi occupation. Her parents worked with and sheltered Norwegian resistance forces. Her mother would conceal guns and rifles under the mattress of her baby carriage along the streets of Oslo, meeting in an alley to meet the resistance who would jump out of a doorways to get them. As soon as she could read, her heroes were those resistance forces and her parents who stood up to "the bad guys" and were willing to sacrifice their own lives for the freedom they believed in. Cammermeyer credits her parents’ courage as her inspiration for defending civil liberties.

Her father was the first Norwegian recipient of the Rockefeller Fellowship in 1946 which enabled the family to spend nine months in Boston, Massachusetts. They returned to Norway after the fellowship, then ultimately immigrated to the United States in 1951 settling in the Washington DC area.

Cammermeyer became a citizen in 1961 and joined the U.S. Army Student Nurse Program. After receiving her B.S. in nursing from the University of Maryland in 1963, she reported for active duty. Lt. Cammermeyer’s first active duty assignment was basic training at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, then on to six months at Martin Army Hospital at Ft. Benning Georgia. She then shipped out to Nuremberg, Germany, where she met and married a fellow soldier.

After Germany, Cammermeyer and her husband were sent to Ft. Lee, Virginia, during the buildup for Vietnam. At her request, in 1967 she was deployed to the 24th Evacuation Hospital at Long Binh, Vietnam for a 14 month tour. Six months as head nurse of a medical unit and then eight months as head nurse of the neurosurgical intensive care unit. She refers to this time in her life “the most extraordinary experience any military nurse could have been a part of.” She was honored with the Bronze Star for Meritorious Service. She was honored with the Bronze Star for Meritorious Service.

After Vietnam she and her husband settled in Seattle, Washington where was she forced to leave the military when she became pregnant with the first of their four sons in 1968, because women were not permitted to have dependents. In 1972, that regulation was changed and she returned to the military service in the Army Reserves, ultimately achieving the rank of Colonel in 1987.

Her time working with neurologically impaired patients in Vietnam lead to that being the specialization of the rest of her clinical and research nursing career. While raising her family, she continued her education, earning a Master of Arts degree from the University of Washington in 1976.

In 1981 after her divorce from her husband of 15 years, she transferred to the Veteran’s Administration Medical Center in San Francisco, California serving as the neuro-oncology Clinical Nurse Specialist for the next five years. From her work there Cammermeyer was the first recipient of the Administrator's Award for Excellence in Nursing in 1985, out of 34,000 registered nurses in the VA system.

She returned to Washington state in 1987 and to American Lake VAMC, in Tacoma where she was the Clinical Nurse Specialist in Neuroscience and Sleep Research for ten years. She completed her Ph.D. at the University of Washington in 1991 and focused the last years of my clinical practice on the diagnosis and care of patients with sleep apnea.

In 1992, she became the highest-ranking military officer discharged on the basis of sexual orientation. She was dismissed after disclosing she was a lesbian during a routine security clearance interview for promotion. She took her dismissal to court and challenged the U.S. military’s ban on homosexuals in federal court. In 1994, she was reinstated as chief nurse, making her one of the few openly gay or lesbian members of the military serving. She retired in 1997 after 31 years of service.

In 1989, she met her life partner, Diane Divelbess, an artist and art professor. In March 2004, they were married by a judge in Portland, Oregon, after having being together for 15 years. She said “It was one of the most exciting experiences, it really made us feel different, like others after having been together for 15 years.” They were devastated at the Supreme Court of Oregon’s decision that same sex marriages done at that time were ruled to have "never taken place". On July 23, 2007, they registered as Domestic Partners in the State of Washington. They still have their marriage certificate on their wall. They still have the memory of their family, friends and grandchildren at their Episcopalian wedding and blessing, and they are building on those moments and are saying “one step at a time” till they can be legally recognized as married.

Cammermeyer’s autobiography, “Serving in Silence” published in 1994, received critical acclaim. The book was turned into a made-for-TV movie, executive produced by Barbra Streisand and starred Glenn Close. The film generated more than 25 million viewers and received three Emmy Awards and the Peabody Award. It was one of the first television movies about a gay person.

After retirement, Cammermeyer ran for the United States Congress in Washington's 2nd congressional district in 1998. She won the Democratic primary, but lost in the general election to Republican incumbent Jack Metcalf.

From November 1999 through December 2001, she hosted her own daily internet radio talk show. The discussions were about relevant political, human rights, legal, health care, gay/lesbian/transgender and other issues. Cammermeyer also got very involved in local politics and ultimately spent six years as the Chairperson of the local Democratic Party.

Still wanting to practice her life’s career of nursing and neurosciences in January 2006 she opened an Adult Family Home to provided skilled care to sick and ailing elderly patients. She was also elected as a Whidbey General Hospital Commissioner.

She serves on the Military Advisory Council for the Servicemembers Legal Defense Network and was an outspoken advocate for the repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell.”

In June 2010, she was appointed to the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services, a committee which is appointed by the United States Secretary of Defense and which reports to the United States Department of Defense.

Along with her other honors, Cammermeyer was named Woman of Power by the National Organization of Women and was awarded the Hannah Solomon Award by the Jewish Women's League and selected as the 1995 Distinguished Alumna from the University of Washington School of Nursing. This past year, The Point Foundation honored Cammermeyer with its Point Legend Award.

Today Colonel (Ret.)Cammermeyer and Divelbess are actively living in Washington and are grandparents to 10 grandchildren.

"I wear my uniform at every inappropriate moment to remind people of gays and lesbians who have to serve in silence in the military."

A True Christian

In the New Testament of The Bible, one of the most interesting accounts of Jesus of Nazareth was his encounter with a wealthy, young man who sought eternal life. After telling Jesus that he had kept all the commandments, he asked, "What do I still lack?" An unexpected answer came in Jesus' reply, "If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then, come follow me." Realizing he had to sacrifice his riches, the lad left despondently. Jesus then reportedly turned to his disciples, who had witnessed the exchange, and said, "Truly I tell you, it is hard for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of heaven. Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through an eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the Kingdom of God." Jesus' followers were stunned. One of them asked - or perhaps they collectively asked, "Who then can be saved?" Jesus replied, "With God all things are possible." (Matthew 19:16-26).
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In our consumer-driven world, this message has been all but lost on most Christians. For one devoted Christian of the fourth century, however, materialism was the antithesis to a faithful life, and he considered Jesus' pronouncements against the accumulation of worldly goods as the central message of his teachings.
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Constantine (272-332AD) will always appear in history books as the Emperor to have legitimized Christianity in the Roman Empire. Yet one of his religious advisers, Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius (240-320AD), has been largely lost to history. This is regrettable. Not only was Lactantius one of the most consequential 'Church fathers' due to his theological influence but his major work, Divine Institutes (303-311), represents one of the finest analyses of power, wealth and class ever written. Rather than Karl Marx (1818-1883) or Max Weber (1864-1920), perhaps Lactantius - 1,500 years earlier - ought to be considered the 'father of sociology.' In order to appreciate the relevance of his thought to our time, several passages from Divine Institutes follow (in italicized bold print) with analysis.
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'The gifts of heaven they (the wealthy) made out to be their own - not for humanity's sake, for they had none of that, but to sweep up every means that could serve their acquisitive greed.'
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Lactantius establishes and denounces the self-interested mindset behind a ruling class of wealthy individuals (5-10% of the population) who unjustly came to power over society. His phraseology could not be more straight-forward. These avaricious usurpers of society, a society founded upon the principles of liberty and relative equality, have no humanity. They have become something other than human in making the pursuit of wealth both the means and the ends of their lives.
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'They had laws passed which represented as 'justice' the grossest inequities and injustices, to protect their rapacious practice and purpose against mass resistance.'
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Do you live in a country where the wealthy have disproportionate influence over lawmaking? Are laws made to serve the interests of the rich and powerful elites more than honest working men and women? In this passage (as in the last one), Lactantius reveals the process whereby a small cadre of wealthy people work together to design a system of laws to protect their interests. This, of course, is base corruption. Any action taken to challenge their oligarchical rule is dubbed 'radical' and banished from political discourse. Yet, what is 'radical?' Is it not radical to allow a small group of people to possess untold wealth while up to a quarter of the population lives below the poverty line - and the majority of the population works fifty, sixty and seventy hours a week just to eke out a living? If that is not radical, then nothing is radical.
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'And since there was actually no trace of justice in them (the wealthy, ruling class) - which would have been expressed in humanity, equality and compassion - they began to find satisfaction in arrogant and inegalitarian self-promotion, which put them on a higher rank than others, with retinues of staff, armed guards and distinguishing dress.'
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The sociologist Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929) may have coined the phrase 'conspicuous consumption' in his well known book The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), but he was certainly not the first one to have linked the relationship between wealth, consumption and claims to social status. Indeed, Lactantius clearly understood how the wealthy socially-construct their worlds by assigning social values to the acquisition of luxury goods and create degrees 'status' based on the number of servants or the kinds of fine accoutrements one wears in public. Note how Lactantius defines arrogance as being 'inegalitarian.'
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'To be rich is not a matter of having, but of using riches for the tasks of justice.'
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The words in red (having and using) were stressed by Lactantius. As well they should be - as the Christian definition of 'rich' can only be in terms of having the spirit of love and compassion toward all people. According to Jesus of Nazareth, this 'Holy Spirit' is God's gift and makes a faithful person, who is willing to sacrifice his or her possessions, far richer than a person who has material wealth but little empathy and no spirit of sacrifice. For those with means beyond what is necessary, it is his or her duty to put their means at the disposal of the less fortunate. That is the sign a true Christian - a follower of Jesus of Nazareth.
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In his 'Sermon on the Mount,' Jesus contrasted the two definitions of wealth quite clearly telling his followers, "Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moths and vermin destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven...For where your treasure is, your heart will be also." (Matthew 6:19) He then added, "No one can serve two masters. Either you will hate the one and love the other, or you will be devoted to one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and mammon (money)." (Matthew 6:24). For Jesus and Lactantius, there was no middle ground.
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A Legacy for Lactantius
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In 2011, revolts and revolutions swept across the Middle East and North Africa due to the tyranny of privileged elites. In London, thousands of young people rioted day-after-day due to being economically and socially marginalized. In Washington, DC, thousands sleep in homeless shelters every night, and hundreds sleep outside while only a few miles away in Georgetown - millionaires arrive home in BMWs and sit down to extravagant dinners in their multimillion dollar townhouses. Similar tales can be told in Russia, Brazil and throughout the world.
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Something is terribly wrong.
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Whether one is a Christian, a Muslim, a Jew, a Hindu, a religious person of any faith or an atheist, extreme wealth inequality is ethically indefensible. So, why is it tolerated across the globe? No one wants perfect equality. That dangerous experiment ended with the Soviet Union. What do most people want? Most people want what is needed. We all need a system that is fair, humane and compassionate - where no one is homeless and everyone is dignified with gainful employment. No more, no less.
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Is that possible? Whether God is Love or Love is God, anything is possible.
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But only if we act.
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(Image: Lactantius)
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Key Source
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Oliver O'Donovan and Joan Lockwood O'Donomvan eds. From Irenaeus to Grotius: A Sourcebook of Christian Political Thought (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1999)
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J Roquen

A case of colour-emotion synaesthesia?



Anger he smiles, towering in shiny metallic purple armour. Queen Jealousy, envy waits behind him, her fiery green gown sneers at the grassy ground. Blue are the life giving waters taken for granted, they quietly understand. Once happy turquoise armies lay opposite ready, but wonder why the fight is on.

My red is so confident he flashes trophies of war and ribbons of euphoria. Orange is young, full of daring, but very unsteady for the first go round. My yellow in this case is not so mellow, in fact I'm trying to say it's frightened like me. And all of these emotions of mine keep holding me from givin’ my life to a rainbow like you.


This post was chosen as an Editor's Selection for ResearchBlogging.orgHendrix fans amongst you will recognise the above as lyrics from Bold as Love, the title track of Jimi's second album. According to the sleevenotes (from a long-lost cassette, so you'll have to trust my memory on this), the concept for the song was the idea of using emotions to describe colours to a blind person. The more obvious interpretation is that Hendrix was using colours as a metaphorical device to describe his own conflicting emotions.



Earlier this week, I was reminded of Bold as Love when I came across an intriguing study reported in the journal, Neurocase [1]. The authors, VS Ramachandran and colleagues, described the case of TK, a young man with Asperger syndrome who was encouraged to use colours to help him understand emotions:
"Around the age of 10 his mother suggested that he attempt to label the feeling of each emotion (presumably based on context, social situation, and facial expressions) with a specific color, in an attempt to relay the appropriate emotions to his father and her. For example, while experiencing what he considered happiness he would tell his parents that he was feeling ‘green’." 
"Further, by comparing the color elicited by another person with the emotion that would be associated with the same color in his own mind, TK was able to ‘read’ the other individuals’ emotions more accurately."
"At about the same time that he began associating colors with emotions, he also began seeing colored halos around individuals. The color of these halos corresponds to TK’s emotional stance toward that particular person, and when a new individual is encountered a blue halo emerges de-nouveau and the color evolves progressively with repeated exposure."
Purple haze

To objectively measure the halo perception, Ramachandran et al asked TK to identify letters that were projected onto a white screen. An unfamiliar person, identified as having a blue halo, stood in front of the screen.

If the letters were blue and projected close to the person (i.e., within the halo) then TK was unable to identify the letters above chance levels - presumably because the letters and background appeared to be in the same colour. When the colour was changed or the letters moved to outside the halo, TK's performance was flawless.

It's a shame that the authors weren't able to test TK with a second person standing in front of the screen, whom he perceived as having a different coloured halo. Nonetheless, these results appear to provide some objective confirmation of TK's unusual subjective reports [2].

Love or confusion

In a second experiment, Ramachandran et al tested TK and 15 control subjects on a Stroop interference test.

Participants were given words printed in colour and had to say the colour of each word, ignoring what the word itself said. In the classic version of the test, the words are all themselves colour names.

In the congruent condition, the word matches the colour in which it's printed:

          RED BLUE YELLOW GREEN

In the incongruent condition, the word and its colour are mismatched

          RED BLUE YELLOW GREEN

People are generally faster to name the ink colours when the word matches the colour. Even though they're supposed to be ignoring what the word says, they can't help but read it, and this affects their response to the actual colour. As you can see from the graph below, TK was no exception. Like the control group, his reaction times were longer for the incongruent condition than for the congruent condition.


TK showed a similar effect when the words were emotions, being quicker to name the colour if the emotion word matched the colour he associated with that emotion (e.g., PRIDE and AGGRESSION) than when they were incongruent. When the control participants were given the same stimuli, they showed no such effect [3].



Ramachandran et al. interpret these findings as evidence of "emotion-colour synaesthesia" - the implication being that TK actually perceives emotions as colours. This is certainly one possibility, but it's worth noting that similar effects are commonly observed in typical adults using non-emotion words that have associations with colours. For example, it's easier and quicker to name the colours in FIRE GRASS LEMON SKY than it is in FIRE GRASS LEMON SKY.

Seeing the word SKY makes us think of the colour blue, which then affects our ability to name colours; but there's no suggestion that we actually perceive the colour blue every time we read SKY. By the same token, TK associates PRIDE with blue and this affects his colour naming, but the data from the Stroop task don't show that he experiences pride as the colour blue.

Crossbrain traffic

It's undoubtedly a fascinating case study. Ramachandran et al.'s data indicate that TK perceives a blue halo around certain people and it's safe to say that he has strong cognitive associations between colours and emotions. However, we are still relying on TK's subjective reports that the halos vary from person to person and that emotions are actually experienced as colours. This is not to cast doubt on TK's reports, merely to note that the objective evidence is not perhaps as strong as the authors claim.

Ramachandran et al. speculate that TK's experiences derive from increased connectivity between brain regions involve in vision (V4), face processing (FFA), and emotion (insula and amygdala). It would certainly be interesting to know whether this is supported by brain imaging.

I'd also like to know more about TK's Asperger's diagnosis and the extent to which his social and communication difficulties could be attributed to problems more specifically with face processing.

Finally, I'd be interested to know how common TK's reported experiences are, and whether other people on the autism spectrum have been able to use colours to help them understand or convey emotions.



Notes:

[1] Thanks to Michelle Dawson for the heads-up. Follow her on Twitter at @autismcrisis

[2] Ramachandran et al. begin the discussion by noting that the magician James Randi has offered a million dollar prize for anyone who can objectively demonstrate the existence of energy fields emanating from people. They then claim to have provided "the first evidence of the existence of this effect". You don't need me to tell you that Randi's million is safe. At best, the study demonstrates that a person genuinely perceives a halo. It doesn't show that the halo is actually there!

[3] Separate from the congruency effect, TK's responses were much slower for emotion words than for colour words. Control subjects didn't show this effect. Ramachandran et al don't discuss this finding and I'm not really sure what to make of it.


Slight return:




Reference:

ResearchBlogging.orgRamachandran VS, Miller L, Livingstone MS, & Brang D (2011). Colored halos around faces and emotion-evoked colors: A new form of synesthesia. Neurocase PMID: 22115465





Update [9/12/11]: 

Some really great comments below. Thanks to everyone for their insights.

This from Rohan, who's a member of the indie rock band Rudely Interrupted:
"our lead vocalist has Aspergers and was born without eyes. He's obsessed with colour. We wrote a song about it (Green Lights) Rory also has perfect and absolute pitch.
All being well, you should be able to listen to the song by clicking the Play button below:

RGreen Lights Green Lights